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Literature

4,318 writers

Origins and ancient wisdom to 500 BC · 33

Homer900 BC–800 BCKalidasaAesop619 BC–563 BCAeschylus524 BC–455 BCSappho650 BC–569 BCHesiod775 BC–700 BCPindar516 BC–436 BCXenophanes569 BC–477 BCPatanjaliVyasaValmikiEnheduanna2300 BC–2300 BCArchilochus of Paros687 BC–644 BCSimonides of Ceos555 BC–468 BCAlcaeus of Mytilene630 BC–559 BCChilon of Sparta599 BC–519 BCTyrtaeus700 BC–700 BCCleobulus of Lindos629 BC–559 BC

Classical Greece 500–350 BC · 13

Sophocles495 BC–405 BCEuripides480 BC–406 BCAristophanes444 BC–384 BCChanakya374 BC–282 BCTheocritus400 BC–259 BCBerossus400 BC–300 BCCorinna500 BC–500 BCErinna400 BC–400 BCPraxilla500 BC–500 BCEupolis445 BC–410 BCPhiletas of Cos400 BC–360 BCDiagoras of Melos450 BC–450 BCPhilemon359 BC–262 BC

Hellenistic world 350–30 BC · 26

Virgil69 BC–18 BCOvid42 BC–17Horace64 BC–7 BCLucretius93 BC–54 BCCatullus83 BC–53 BCEratosthenes275 BC–193 BCPlautus249 BC–183 BCMenander340 BC–290 BCTerence184 BC–158 BCMarcus Terentius Varro115 BC–26 BCTibullus50 BC–15 BCPropertius46 BC–15 BCEnnius238 BC–168 BCCallimachus305 BC–239 BCApollonius of Rhodes294 BC–214 BCLivius Andronicus279 BC–199 BCSeneca the Elder53 BC–39Valerius Maximus100 BC–100

Rome and Late Antiquity 30 BC–AD 500 · 54

Ptolemy100–170Lucian of Samosata120–180Apuleius125–170Tertullian160–240Juvenal55–200Martial40–104Petronius27–66Lucan39–65Eusebius of Caesarea265–340Cyprian200–258Pausanias110–180Phaedrus20 BC–50Publius Papinius Statius45–96Hippolytus170–235Ausonius310–395Claudian370–404Cassiodorus487–583Vegetius400–450

Early Middle Ages 500–1000 · 69

Li Bai701–762Murasaki Shikibu970–1100Abu Nuwas756–814Du Fu712–770Ferdowsi940–1020Jabir ibn Hayyan721–815Bede672–735Al-Shafi'i767–820John of Damascus675–749Sei Shōnagon966–1025Rudaki859–941Rabia of Basri710–801Alcuin740–804Mansur Al-Hallaj858–922al-Ma'arri973–1057Al-Jahiz775–868Bai Juyi772–846Ibn Hazm994–1064

High and Late Middle Ages 1000–1400 · 116

Dante Alighieri1265–1321Geoffrey Chaucer1343–1400Petrarch1304–1374Hafez1325–1389Rumi1207–1273Giovanni Boccaccio1313–1375Averroes1126–1198Saadi1210–1292Shota Rustaveli1172–1216Nizami Ganjavi1141–1202Kabir1398–1518Christine de Pizan1364–1430Amir Khusrau1253–1325Chrétien de Troyes1135–1181Ramon Llull1232–1316Attar of Nishapur1145–1221Geoffrey of Monmouth1100–1155Yunus Emre1241–1321

Renaissance and Humanism 1400–1550 · 100

Miguel de Cervantes1547–1616François Rabelais1494–1553Luís de Camões1524–1580François Villon1431–1463Torquato Tasso1544–1595Ludovico Ariosto1474–1533Jami1414–1492Fuzuli1480–1556Andreas Vesalius1515–1564John of the Cross1542–1591Pierre de Ronsard1524–1585Tulsidas1511–1623Étienne de La Boétie1530–1563Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa1486–1535Baldassarre Castiglione1478–1529Meera1498–1546Joachim du Bellay1522–1560Pietro Aretino1492–1556

Baroque and Golden Age 1550–1650 · 124

William Shakespeare1564–1616Matsuo Bashō1644–1694John Milton1608–1674Jean de La Fontaine1621–1695Lope de Vega1562–1635Jean Racine1639–1699Charles Perrault1628–1703Pierre Corneille1606–1684Pedro Calderón de la Barca1600–1681Christopher Marlowe1564–1593John Donne1572–1631John Amos Comenius1592–1670François de La Rochefoucauld1613–1680John Dryden1631–1700Hugo Grotius1583–1645Miyamoto Musashi1584–1645Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux1636–1711Francisco Quevedo1584–1645

Enlightenment 1650–1750 · 149

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe1749–1832Voltaire1694–1778Jean-Jacques Rousseau1712–1778Jonathan Swift1667–1745Denis Diderot1713–1784Daniel Defoe1660–1731Thomas Paine1737–1809Samuel Johnson1709–1784Alexander Pope1688–1744Mikhail Lomonosov1711–1765Jeremy Bentham1748–1832Gotthold Ephraim Lessing1729–1781Giacomo Casanova1725–1798Johann Gottfried Herder1744–1803Pierre-Augustin de Beaumarchais1732–1799Carlo Goldoni1707–1793Georg Christoph Lichtenberg1742–1799Henry Fielding1707–1754

Romanticism 1750–1810 · 263

Alexander Pushkin1799–1837Hans Christian Andersen1805–1875Edgar Allan Poe1809–1849Lord Byron1788–1824Jane Austen1775–1817Friedrich Schiller1759–1805Honoré de Balzac1799–1850Alexandre Dumas1802–1870Heinrich Heine1797–1856William Blake1757–1827Nikolai Gogol1809–1852Ralph Waldo Emerson1803–1882John Keats1795–1821Percy Bysshe Shelley1792–1822William Wordsworth1770–1850Walter Scott1771–1832George Sand1804–1876Stendhal1783–1842

Realism and positivism 1810–1850 · 355

Leo Tolstoy1828–1910Friedrich Nietzsche1844–1900Fyodor Dostoyevsky1821–1881Mark Twain1835–1910Charles Dickens1812–1870Jules Verne1828–1905Charles Baudelaire1821–1867Søren Kierkegaard1813–1855Henrik Ibsen1828–1906Émile Zola1840–1902Anatole France1844–1924Octave Mirbeau1848–1917Gustave Flaubert1821–1880Lewis Carroll1832–1898Ivan Turgenev1818–1883Walt Whitman1819–1892Emily Dickinson1830–1886Henry David Thoreau1817–1862

Fin de siècle 1850–1880 · 450

Rabindranath Tagore1861–1941Anton Chekhov1860–1904Oscar Wilde1854–1900Marcel Proust1871–1922Rudyard Kipling1865–1936George Bernard Shaw1856–1950Arthur Conan Doyle1859–1930H. G. Wells1866–1946Thomas Mann1875–1955Hermann Hesse1877–1962Guy de Maupassant1850–1893Selma Lagerlöf1858–1940Robert Louis Stevenson1850–1894William Butler Yeats1865–1939Jack London1876–1916André Gide1869–1951Arthur Rimbaud1854–1891Romain Rolland1866–1944

Avant-gardes 1880–1910 · 717

Franz Kafka1883–1924George Orwell1903–1950James Joyce1882–1941Ernest Hemingway1899–1961J. R. R. Tolkien1892–1973Agatha Christie1890–1976Jorge Luis Borges1899–1986Simone de Beauvoir1908–1986Virginia Woolf1882–1941Antoine de Saint-Exupéry1900–1944Helen Keller1880–1968T. S. Eliot1888–1965Kahlil Gibran1883–1931Bertolt Brecht1898–1956Vladimir Nabokov1899–1977William Faulkner1897–1962John Steinbeck1902–1968Pearl S. Buck1892–1973

Post-war 1910–1940 · 778

Gabriel García Márquez1927–2014Albert Camus1913–1960Naguib Mahfouz1911–2006Ingmar Bergman1918–2007Isaac Asimov1920–1992Umberto Eco1932–2016Maya Angelou1928–2014Václav Havel1936–2011Günter Grass1927–2015José Saramago1922–2010Toni Morrison1931–2019Doris Lessing1919–2013Mario Vargas Llosa1936–2025Alice Munro1931–2024Arthur C. Clarke1917–2008Nadine Gordimer1923–2014Czesław Miłosz1911–2004Octavio Paz1914–1998

Contemporary since 1940 · 1,071

J. K. Rowlingb. 1965Stephen Kingb. 1947Orhan Pamukb. 1952Michelle Obamab. 1964Paulo Coelhob. 1947Douglas Adams1952–2001Salman Rushdieb. 1947Haruki Murakamib. 1949Herta Müllerb. 1953Elfriede Jelinekb. 1946Joseph Brodsky1940–1996Svetlana Alexievichb. 1948Kazuo Ishigurob. 1954J. M. Coetzeeb. 1940Liu Xiaobo1955–2017George R. R. Martinb. 1948Dan Brownb. 1964Mo Yanb. 1955